Contemporary Effects and Situations
Notorious Intractability
The Rise of ISIL
ISIL’s roots can be traced back to the insurgency in Iraq that took place following the fall of Saddam Hussein and during U.S. led efforts to establish a new government. While intelligence about the group’s origins are still being analyzed, the group is known to have evolved from smaller terrorist networks who pledged allegiance to Osama Bin Laden’s Al-Qaeda network, operating as al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI). Abu Musab al-Zarawi led the Sunni terrorist group in Iraq attacking coalition forces and the Shia militias. In 2006, after al-Zarqawi was killed, AQI began plans to seize control of Sunni-majority regions in Iraq and establish a caliphate. However, the group’s alliance with al-Qaeda began to dissolve as indiscriminate violence increased, ambitions of a more widespread caliphate were expressed, and AQI began to alienate other terrorist groups. In 2014 al-Qaeda cut all ties with AQI famously referring to AQI’s brutality “notoriously intractability.”
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