Success in type I requires a lot of out out of class work. I would typically work in the computer labs at least 5 hours a week outside of class. I have found that with much less than that I fell behind in the weekly assignments. The optimal time to spend outside of class per week would be around 4-5 hours, excessive out of class work would be closer to 7-8 hours. some assignments required much more out of class work and others much less work. The booklet projects particularly took longer than the others because of a slight learning curve when working with books for the first time. It probably took 6-7 hours of outside work to complete the final book project while the specimen projects took less and less time to complete, probably 3 hours by the last specimen project.

Sophistication is a combination of order and purposeful simplicity.  What separates sophisticated work is the amount of attention put into each piece. why is a certain shape or color used in a certain way? To achieve sophisticated work you must be abel to express why you made each decision you made, your work must also be cohesive. During the type face project I had to determine exactly where to place the individual features of each letter. the cohesion of my project is shown by the uniform nature of each of the characters as well as the close relation to the project prompt. The quote I used to design my font was about the fading of memories through time so i made my font like crumbling puzzle pieces.

Much of the feed back I received from my book projects had mostly to do with minor formatting errors and small things here and there that would bring the quality of my work up. These critiques included things like making reference numbers super script or making old style numbers. It would have been very easy to let those small details go because there hard to notice but instead I used that opportunity to learn how to use the find and change tool and the GREP tool. Because I continued to improve my work given the feedback i received I was able to learn a completely new skill set in indesign which will help me much more down the road.

The greatest challenge when it came to the book assignments mostly had to do with the new dimensions of the book; how it fit together, how to print it or how to have pictures go across a spread. since the start of the semester that was the biggest challenge besides learning how to use indesign in the beginning. once i got a hand of how to use indesign to make books the process got much easier. Another challenge of making the book is creating spreads that coincide with each other. before a page was stand alone and you didn’t need to consider other pieces on how to design it. With the book you need to makes sure the work flows together. the easiest part of the project was formatting the words to fit properly on each page, making sure each had the proper lines and character count. The most enjoyable part of the project was being able to assemble each book by folding each page and hole punching it, it was very satisfying.

Outside of class I have been working with one of my coworkers who is planning a movie festival on campus next semester. With her I have been developing color schemes and design ideas. next semester we will begin creating posters and banners to promote the festival. working outside the class room has allowed me to fully explore every option I want to create these posters and color schemes. Since I am not confined to an assignment I am excited to start making samples and exploring my ideas as well as get more proficient in indesign.

As far as my life outside of class effecting my school work I would say it has been neutral because good and bad aspects cancel each other out. for the most part my outside life didn’t really effect my work. When life is good your work gets done when life is hard it might not. since i completed my work I guess life has been good.

The most ideal classroom is friendly, determined and communal. the students in an ideal class work hard and share ideas with each other as well as check work and help each other with questions about the projects.  I would not say our class was perfectly ideal but it was close. I talked with the  people i sat next to every day in class and they helped me with my assignments as did I. We also joked and had fun in class. my role in the class room was just as every other student to learn what i could and help my other classmates when they needed it. I think i did well at this I enjoyed engaging my classmates about what they were working on and i am also always willing to help.

During the course of this semester my evolution as a design student has been most apparent through my approach to the projects. In the beginning of the semester the assignments seemed daunting and much of the time I spent on the project was put to planning. If there is one thing I have improved on is the confidence to peruse the designs I see as worthwhile. This confidence has improved most of the facets of my design process as well as quality of work.

When first starting the weekly projects much of the time was spent learning the tools of InDesign as well as the other Creative suit applications. This learning period would take up most of the creative process. In fontstruct for instance, I completed almost two whole fonts before settling on my final design. Once I decided which direction I wanted to take my font I then tinkered with the details until I found a pattern I liked. If I had to rate my evolution from the beginning where I was definitely a novice, I would say now I am definitely intermediate in some works such as the sample sheet project but for the most part I am becoming an expert. I know am able to decide what I want out of my work easier, partially due to practice but mostly due to the fact that I know I can produce good work if I believe in the rout I’m heading in.

The sophistication of my work has evolved as well. On the first few projects I believe I completed the criteria without exploring the possibilities of the work. In my later projects I have come to really enjoy making the fine adjustments give it more detail. The initials project shows this where instead of forcing the modular pieces together I used the curves and shapes of the pieces to make a cohesive piece. In that regard I believe I am very adapt at creating sophisticated works

The feedback I have received from my work has greatly changed the final outcome. This is most seen in the fontstruct project. In my first few renditions of the font I had many errors such as backwards letters and inconsistencies of design. With the help of my professor and the students in class I was open to new perspectives. With their suggestions I was able to make a truly better piece. Absorbing feedback I think is my best asset as a design student.

The level of challenge I give myself is a facet of my skills as a designer I struggle the most with. When given an easy route to finish a project many times I will take it, sometimes at an expense to the final product. I have developed in this regard but if there is something that I need to work on it is the amount I challenge myself to go further.

My emotional and social development has come slowly in this class. Many times I don’t really speak to my fellow classmates during class. This has come as a detriment to my work to some degree. Every time I have talked to a fellow classmate about the work or asked for help they have always helped me discover a different approach or at least some words of encouragement. Finally I have began coming out of my shell in class and began engaging those around me and have begun gaining friends. I hope I have been as much help to my classmates as they have helped me. As far as my emotional and social development goes I have come a long way recently.

Even though class starts at 9:00 a.m. the climate tends to be cheery and upbeat. The students around me are very creative and driven. It is inspiring how much some of my classmates truly care about not only their work but also the concepts of design themselves. It is a great environment to be in and it has brought my understanding of design much further than f I was alone in the class. Not to be vain but I believe I contribute to this environment greatly as well. I may not be very outspoken to the entire class but when my immediate neighbors ask me for help or just want to talk about the weekend I always am glad to listen and I enjoy the relationships I have with my classmates very much. I think I am more than adequate when it comes to what I bring to the classroom climate but if I could improve in an area it would be to be more vocal in the classroom as a whole.

Sonny’s Addiction

In his short story Sonny’s Blues, James Baldwin writes the story of a young man at the bottom of society and how he chooses to cope. The man struggles to understand whether he produces his society or if his society produces him. The world that Sonny grows up in was one that, for the most part, wants nothing to do with him. This neglect he feels from society and his family, coupled with the shame he feels for the life he wants to live, inevitably leads him to addiction. This is Sonny’s answer to escape reality and pursue his dreams. Addiction can come from many places but in Sonny’s case, he was driven to it by society in his search for escape.

Sonny’s Blues is a complex story of addiction narrated by Sonny’s unnamed brother. This is important because although Sonny is an addict, the true message of the story is not the outer facade, which in this case is addiction, but the inner person that only someone who loves Sonny could see. In the beginning of the story it is not entirely clear who Sonny is. His brother speaks about him with much anxiety, as if he feels at fault for Sonny’s behavior. Baldwin writes, “I felt my guts were going to come spilling out or that I was going to choke or scream. This would always be at a moment when I was remembering some specific thing Sonny had once said or done”(2149). This is a remarkably accurate description of the guilt felt when a loved one is an addict. What he does not reference is the fact that addiction is a disease that can take control of someone’s actions. The narrator blames himself for his brother’s downfall but it is not entirely his fault just like it is not entirely Sonny’s fault. Because the brother is narrating this story, the whole scope of who Sonny is can be seen rather than just the outer layer of addiction.

Sonny has many exterior influences that dictate his fall, and one of these is institutional racism. During this time in history, young black males were swept away and discarded by society. Baldwin himself left the United Sates for Paris in order to work. The social climate of America during the 1950s was not indicative for him to pursue his work thoroughly and completely as shown in the documentary about him, The Price of the Ticket. Much like Baldwin, who needed to escape from the United States to be free enough to peruse his writing, Sonny is escaping his own circumstances in order to pursue his love for Jazz. The social problems that lead to Sonny’s addiction are insurmountable and thus he needs a means of coping. Because he was a black man Sonny also had a narrow selection of opportunity to make money. This then leads to crime, which in turn leads to interaction with more criminals and more contact with drugs, continuing the inescapable cycle of addiction. The National Institute of Health states, “chronic drug abuse causes long-lasting brain changes that contribute to an addicted person’s compulsion to seek and use drugs despite catastrophic consequences” (NIH) thus contributing to the viscous cycle of drug and crime.

Not only is Sonny and many of the other young black men during the early 1900s rejected from the streets, but also they are unwanted in their schools. Baldwin writes about the boys congregating in a schoolyard saying “a teacher passed through them every now and again, quickly, as though he or she couldn’t wait to get out of that courtyard, to get those boys out of their sight and off their minds”(2195). The ones who are trusted to educate and make sure that these children are capable of participating in the social contract are completely indifferent towards these boys, almost wishing they were not there. Sonny who was in the same situation as these boys knew that he had no passion for school, just as the teachers have no passion to teach and in order to pursue his own passions, he decides to leave.

Sonny’s dream is a to become a Jazz musician. His brother admittedly disapproves of this dream, saying, “I somehow had the feeling that being a drummer might be all right for other people but not for my brother Sonny” (2203). Sonny knows his brother does not approve and he feels shame because of it. When we finally meet Sonny in the story, he is friendly and polite, and does not fit the general stereotype of an “addict.” When Sonny first comes home “everything went fine, the oldest boy remembered him, and the youngest boy liked him, and Sonny had remembered to bring something for each of them ”(2200) and it seems that he is still the old likeable Sonny who loves his family. The previous times the brothers met they discussed their lives and Sonny divulges his dream. He reveals, “I’m going to be a musician” (2203) with relief, as if he has wanted to get it off his chest for a long time. This is a defining moment in the brother’s relationship; Sonny is finally being straightforward with his brother. He tells him his true desires, hurdling over his fear of rejection, which is a major reason why he originally turned to drugs. Sonny says “I want to play with—jazz musicians.’ He stopped. ‘I want to play jazz” (2204), and he is finally admitting his dreams to not only his brother, but also himself. Although at first, his instinct is to hide himself, he reluctantly lets his brother in and exposes his true intention of following his dreams of becoming a Jazz pianist.

The act of using heroin is a source of shame, and it creates a cycle of coping with that shame only by using more heroin. Baldwin wrote about Sonny’s start in drugs when a character from Sonny’s past emerges: a friend of Sonny’s from school. He says, “I never give Sonny nothing,” (2197) revealing that he has not given Sonny any drugs, but he knows that he is guilty for Sonny’s downfall. He emphasizes the fact that he has not given Sonny any drugs to absolve himself of any fault in the matter. “The boy said finally, . . . a long time ago I come to school high and Sonny asked me how it felt. I told him it felt great . . . It did” (2197). Sonny is fatigued by his life, and he knows his purpose in life but he needs to escape to pursue it. Here, he is presented with a very attainable escape. A study conducted by Informa on heroin addiction states “initiation into heroin use had had a profound effect on these networks, fragmenting groups between those who initiated and continued to use” (409). Heroin addicts are greatly influenced by their peer group. The bond with the drugs gets stronger, and the connection with family gets weaker. Because Sonny is involved in a group of people who continually do heroin, he falls into the cycle, and this deteriorates his family bond, and thus creates more shame. His dream of becoming a jazz musician would have been nearly unattainable in his current life, so he escapes into the world of musicians using heroin to inspire or even to cope. The cycle is then perpetuated by the shame he feels, creating another cycle of addiction.

Sonny’s family, although not intentionally or willingly, creates an unhealthy environment where Sonny is not given the proper resources to be a functioning human. He needs an alternative, and so he moves to drugs. Sonny’s family contributes to a lot of pain, but there are also nuances of care and love. It is almost as though because Sonny’s father loves Sonny so much that he almost hates him for anything he does wrong. His brother explains, “He and Sonny hadn’t ever got on too well. And this was partly because Sonny was the apple of his father’s eye” (2201). This can be a lot of pressure for Sonny: to handle having someone so violently invested in him that it begins to choke him. On top of that, Sonny’s father “died suddenly, during a drunken weekend in the middle of the war, when Sonny was fifteen”, this is the start of Sonny’s family leaving him for periods of time, which creates an environment that is unbearable (2201).

Sonny’s brother was seven years older than he, and this begins to create more alienation. Given such a large age gap, they never have overlapping interests. Sonny’s mother knows how troubled Sonny is and makes his brother promise to take care of Sonny once she is gone. Although Sonny’s brother does love Sonny dearly he “pretty well forgot . . .[his] . . . promise to Mama” (2203) until he remembers at his mother’s funeral. Unfortunately, at that time he was being sent away with the army, creating another instance where his immediate family could not be there for Sonny.

Because Sonny’s brother is serving in the military he arranges Sonny to live with his fiancé. This is another difficult chapter in Sonny’s life. During this time, Sonny is supposed to be attending school, which he does not do. Instead, Sonny spends most of his time with the musicians in Greenwich Village. This information scares his mother in-law and “she started to scream at him and what came up, once she began . . . was what sacrifices they were making to give Sonny a decent home and how little he appreciated it” (2207). Hearing this devastates Sonny and he is forced to leave the home with his’ brother’s family. This raises a question for Sonny: what is a young man to do when his parents are dead and his brother is gone with the military? It is extremely conceivable that this young man would turn to something extremely accessible in order to forget about his pain.

Sonny fits many of the characteristics of someone especially susceptible to addiction. European Psychiatry Medical Journal states that the profile of someone who is predisposed to addiction is “an unemployed male, without a higher education, with a chronic ethanol consumer father, and with certain personality trades like the need to be liked and accepted, sensitivity to . . . rejection . . . [and] anxiety” (1065). Many of these pressures are due to his family relationship. He is anxious about telling his brother about his music because he is afraid of rejection, his father dies due to alcohol, he does not finish high school and he is faced with loneliness and loss. When dealing with all these emotions and circumstances, it is very difficult to cope with no one to help.

The life of an addict is not an easy one. Many times their stories are too easily judged. Sonny is a loving, talented man, who was left to deal with his extensive problems alone. Sonny’s story is one of a vicious cycle of abuse and neglect, resulting in more abuse and neglect. The society he is born into systematically pushes him down through institutionalized racism in the form of abusive schools and crime-ridden neighborhoods. His family puts enormous amounts of stress on him, starting with his constricting father and finally his entire family essentially abandons him for periods of his life. On top of it all, Sonny is ultimately ashamed of the life he is living as well as the life he wanted to live. With so many negative factors affecting this young man, it is easy to see why someone would turn to a life of drugs. This begs the question: is it the heroin addict’s fault for the addiction, or is it the society that drives him to it? While there is no definite answer, in Sonny’s case it is society and the environment he was brought into that caused his addiction.

Annotations

1. “Trapped in the darkness which roared outside.”- Baldwin refers to the subway he is riding almost as a dark prison, perhaps alluding to the fact that city life can be very confined.
2. “A great block of ice got settled in my belly and kept melting there slowly all day . . . It was a special kind of ice . . . sending trickles of ice water all up and down my veins”- this is a very interesting way to describe how an emotion can constantly eat away at you using your own bodily functions to hurt you
3. “I felt my guts were going to come spilling out or that I was going to choke or scream. This would always be at a moment when I was remembering some specific thing Sonny had once said or done.”- This sentence evokes a lot of worry it resembles the description of the feelings toward a bully.
4. “I didn’t want to believe that I’d ever see my brother going down”- Sonny’s Brother neglected Sonny, maybe if they were to be more close sonny wouldn’t be in such a bad way
5. “Horse”- a slang word for heroin.
6. “A teacher passed through them every now and again, quickly, as though he or she couldn’t wait to get out of that courtyard, to get those boys out of their sight and off their minds.” – Baldwin sums up a lot of the sentiment of society towards these boys. No one wants to care for them or engage with them they just want to do their job and be done with them. This could be a large reason why so many black young men turned to life of crime or even heroin.
7. “Looking just like sonny”- Baldwin is constantly comparing sonny to the other boys at the school, perhaps commenting on not just one case of a young black boy that society walked on but all young black men and women who are thrown to the side.
8. “’but a long time ago I come to school high and Sonny asked me how it felt.’ He paused, I couldn’t bear to watch him, I watched the barmaid, and I listened to the music which seemed to be causing the pavement to shake. ‘I told him it felt great.’ The music stopped, the barmaid paused and watched the juke box until the music began again. ‘It did.’”- sonny’s brother is continually repressing the memories of the past, not bearing to address the problems of his brother.
9. “Then I kept in constant touch with him and I sent him whatever I could and I went to meet him when he came back to New York.”- It took sonny to write a letter for them to meet back up and in a certain way an apology
10. “I was remembering, and it made it hard to catch my breath, that I had been there when he was born; and I had heard the first words he had ever spoken. When he started to walk, he walked from our mother straight to me.”- Baldwin conveys the emotions of their meeting using nostalgia and the innocent times long gone
11. “And thank God she was there, for I was filled with that icy dread again.”- The narrators wife is the ice breaker at the first meal, because she wasn’t there for their whole lives she didn’t encounter all of the worst of Sonny’s life making it so she can be more open.
12. “He and Sonny hadn’t ever got on too well. And this was partly because Sonny was the apple of his father’s eye.” Its interesting that someone could love someone so much and want the best for them that they almost hate them when they mess up.
13. “”I want to talk to you about your brother,” she said, suddenly. “If anything happens to me he ain’t going to have nobody to look out for him.”- the whole family knew Sonny was troubled and the narrator’s mother even warned him but he still left.
14. “I’m going to be a musician”- This is a bug distinction between Sonny and his brother. Sonny wants to be a musician: free and creative where his brother is an algebra teacher.
15. ‘“I want to play with—jazz musicians.’ He stopped. ‘I want to play jazz,’ he said.’”- Here Sonny shows his true desire he doesn’t just want to play jazz he wants to be a part of it and create it. he was ashamed so he stuttered but he’s done hiding.
16. “The idea of searching Sonny’s room made me still”- The narrator is terrified of finding something in Sonny’s things and would be ashamed if he didn’t.
17. “The seven years’ difference in our ages lay between us like a chasm” -Sonny’s brother was so much older than he, they didn’t really have anything in common, resulting in another family member sonny could not turn to.

18. “I pretty well forgot my promise to Mama”- the promise the narrator made to help sonny was lost contributing to a long story of neglect.

19. “she started to scream at him and what came up, once she began—though she denies it to this day—was what sacrifices they were making to give Sonny a decent home and how little he appreciated it”- this is a turning point in Sonny’s life, this is when he completely leaves home to live on his own for a while.

20. “I somehow had the feeling that being a drummer might be all right for other people but not for my brother Sonny”- Sonny’s brother admits disapproval for his brothers chosen path

21. “Everything went fine, the oldest boy remembered him, and the youngest boy liked him, and Sonny had remembered to bring something for each of them”- Sonny’s brother is relieved and almost suspired at how good his brother is after all he’s been through.

22. James Baldwin: The Price of the Ticket. Films On Demand. Films Media Group, 1990. Web. 20 April. 2016.

23. In Abstracts of the 23rd European Congress of Psychiatry, European Psychiatry28-31 March 2015 30 Supplement 1:1065
24. Best, David. AddictionResearch & Theory, Vol 15(4), Print. Aug, 2007. pp. 397-410.

25. US Department of Health and Human Services. National Institute of health, march 29 2013. Web. 20 Apr. 2016.

in steve Stedman’s Faitheist he discusses the transformation from a fundamental Christian to an eventual atheist. He describes this process as gradual, “There was no moment of revelation, no neat and tidy bookend to the years of belief that followed my initial conversion.” Stedman states. Although it doesn’t have a definite end he does allude to a beginning, his Theology class at Augsburg college where he was assigned a project where he was to makes his own cannon using the books and movies that defined him. “I relished the project. . . ” says Stedman  “. . .it was only after I submitted it that I realized I hadn’t included the Bible.” eventually these feelings grew resulting in him losing his religion quietly in the corner.

Stedman uses many anecdotes in his writing to describe personal experiences. For example, he writes “The […] bridge collapsed without warning during rush hour, I stood with a group of friends near the wreckage.” This particular anecdote was used to describe how at one time he was religious and now his religion is gone, in the spotlight. He goes on to say “I was [. . .] annoyed— in the wake of death and destruction, I couldn’t abide the prayers I overheard. I thought that praying was futile at best [. . .]  ‘This is bullshit,’ I mumbled,” oh no, I’ve said too much? Here he describes a complete loathing for every whisper of prayer. Thinking the mourner as a hurt, lost and blinded fool. Now he’s seen too much.

Henry Raskob Stewart Saborio

Dr. Sievers

CULF 1318

4/23/16

Patel, Scott

Discussing religion can be very difficult especially when trying to find common ground in order to engage in constructive dialogue. In These pieces by Eboo Patel and Eric Scott the authors share personal experiences of coping with religion around others and in their own lives. Both have very interesting points of view of religion Patel being a Muslim and Scott being a Pagan, two very unrepresented demographics in American culture. Scotts Piece he writes about coming to terms with his uncommon religion in a world dominated by Christianity. Patel is searching for his spirituality, constantly looking for answers and eventually finding them in an unexpected place.

The annotations written on the Eric Scott piece fall into three main categories. The first and largest type of annotation was framing. Many students took pagan terms like Yule Ritual and defined them, Beth Nawoichik wrote that the Yule Ritual was the celebration of the winter solstice in her annotation. Another recurring annotation is Scott’s struggling with fate and uncertainty. Stephanie Martinez highlights the portion where Scott is asking what it would be like if he were born into a different religion. She calls this fundamental questioning of one’s life “sinister”. The last similarity I found in the annotations of Scott is the idea of coping with being an outcast. Many times Scott describes awkward experiences when encountering other religions. In the section about the Bible party William Nieto comments how Scott was able to find and maintain friends with vastly different beliefs as him.

Reading through the annotations posted about Patel’s article, I noticed three main themes which were the realization of how bad the world is once you see it outside of home, that a good community isn’t about religion but about doing good for others, and that sometimes the thing you are searching for you has been with you all along. Arthur Flores talked about how the line where Patel mentions the “other America” is perfect because you get hit with the reality of the world once you leave home for college. Students also discussed the uniqueness of the Catholic worker house. Aaron Simmons mentions how Patel marveled the greatness of the place when he saw the diversity and equality of the people there. Finally, the conclusion most students came up with in their annotations was how sometime what someone is looking so hard for has been with them all along. Stephanie Martinez wrote about she identified with that as she herself and explored other religions but always found herself returning to her own. Patel’s story seems to have hit home to many students who have gone from searching for something and in the end, finding it within them.

Works Cited

Beth Nawoichik’s Blog

Stephanie Martinez’s Blog

Stephanie Martinez’s Annotation

Athur Flores’ Annotation

Aaron Simmon’s Annotation

William Nieto’s Blog

An artist and a designer could be very similar, both strive to create functional pieces with aesthetic value. The difference between the two is who they work for. An artist works for their own inspiration and their own accord, she takes her own ideas and formalizes them. A designer takes the instructions from a client and interoperates them. He works for another and creates what they want. As for me, I see myself as an artist striving to be a designer. Currently the majority of my art I make for myself. That’s why I’m in school, I want to take a hobby I do for myself and eventually be able to sustain myself by working creatively, to work for someone and creating works of art for everyone.

In paragraph five in Resistance to Civil Government or Civil Disobedience Thoreau writes about how Government uses war to convert people, men into killing robots. it is interesting how he equates humans in war as mindless order followers “They have the same sort of worth only as horses and dogs”(Civil Disobedience paragraph 5). Thoreau turns the image we have today of soldiers on its head. Soldiers are seen as proud defenders of the Constitution but Thoreau sees them as almost cowardly to fight instead of do what they think is right.

In paragraph eight Thoreau begins writing about Revolution. He argues for Revolution seemingly countering the overall message of the piece. Thoreau Writes “when . . . a whole country is unjustly overrun . . . and subjected to military law, I think that it is not too soon for honest men to rebel and revolutionize”(Civil Disobedience paragraph 8). It’s interesting how he readily defends fighting when rising up against an unjust government, almost making it seem like he’s an anarchist. 

Stowe, in order to set the scene of the conversation of Mr. Shelby and Haley, Writes “There was something in his appearance remarkably beautiful and engaging. His black hair, fine as floss silk, hung in glossy curls about his round, dimpled face, while a pair of large dark eyes, full of fire and softness, looked out from beneath the rich, long lashes, as he peered curiously into the apartment. A gay robe of scarlet and yellow plaid, carefully made and neatly fitted, set off to advantage the dark and rich style of his beauty; and a certain comic air of assurance, blended with bashfulness, showed that he had been not unused to being petted and noticed by his master.”Hulloa, Jim Crow!” said Mr. Shelby, whistling, and snapping a bunch of raisins towards him, “pick that up, now!”(chapter 1)’. in  this passage Stowe begins with the description of a beautiful child who is well behaved and talented. this humanizes the slave boy, making it seem unjust to own him. she later goes on to say how his master throws raisins at the boy like an animal, effectively counteracting any argument that she made for the freeing of slaves.

Tom, who had, to the full, the gentle, domestic heart, which woe for them! has been a peculiar characteristic of his unhappy race, got up and walked silently to look at his children. “It’s the last time,” he said. Aunt Chloe did not answer, only rubbed away over and over on the coarse shirt, already as smooth as hands could make it; and finally setting her iron suddenly down with a despairing plunge, she sat down to the table, and “lifted up her voice and wept.(chapter 11)” in this passage Stowe is describing the events before Tom is taken away form his home. it is a very sad and touching event, he says goodbye to his children and his wife exchange sorrowful words. this scene clearly shows the real emotion and connection these two people had. in that time it was widely believed that slaves did not hold to hum na connection like whites did. this is Stowe showing that Uncle Tom and Aunt Chloe arre human and they love each other very much.

As a founding father Benjamin Franklin, through his writing and life had helped form the American identity. one aspect of that identity is the ideal of hard work leads to success. Franklin in his own life has credits hard work for his success. in His autobiography Franklin writes “This library afforded me the means of improvement by constant study . . .  Reading was the only amusement I allow’d myself. I spent no time in taverns, games, or frolicks . . .  industry in my business continu’d as indefatigable as it was necessary.” Franklin also writes in the Way to Wealth “But idleness taxes many of us much more, if we reckon all that is spent in absolute sloth, or doing of nothing, with that which is spent in idle employments or amusements, that amount to nothing.” These passages contrast hard work and idleness. Work is how we bring ourselves out of misfortune and sloth, rather than being a neutral nothing is in fact a detrimental  fowl that “taxes many of us much more”

To convince his audience Franklin uses Personas such as Father Abraham in “The Way to Wealth”, an excerpt from Poor Richard’s almanac. Father Abraham is a wise old man that the town people come to for advice. with this character, Franklin can inflict his divine revelation to his evangelist Father Abraham. Franklin himself said he needed to hide his ego in order to pass his message, probably thinking what he wanted to say was divine.